Chemical Composition and Safety Aspects of Nail Products

Introduction

The nail beauty industry has grown significantly in recent years, with diverse products such as gel polish, base coat, and top coat entering the market. While these products offer high durability and beauty, awareness of their chemical composition and safety is essential for maintaining the health of nails and the body.
Basic Chemical CompoundsGel polishes are composed of methacrylates and photoinitiators. Unlike regular polishes that dry by solvent evaporation, gel polishes undergo polymerization when exposed to UV or LED light, turning into a hard, solid layer. This chemical process is the key to their long-lasting finish.
Important Safety WarningsOne major concern regarding nail products is the photoinitiator TPO.

In April 2025, the Iranian Food and Drug Administration warned against using TPO in gel polish and nail extensions. Animal studies have shown that TPO may negatively affect fertility, leading the European Union to ban its use entirely in nail products. Consequently, Iranian manufacturers are required to reformulate and remove this substance from their products.
Practical Tips for ConsumersFor an informed choice, always check the ingredient label and opt for products labeled “3‑Free”, “5‑Free” or even “10‑Free” (free from harmful substances). Also, perform a patch test on a small area of skin before using any new product to avoid allergic reactions.
ConclusionKnowing the science behind beauty products empowers you to make smarter, safer choices. Choosing high‑quality, safe products is a fundamental step for lasting nail health.

Sources
Salamat News. (2025). Serious warning about dangerous substance in nail extensions and gel polish·

Cheminfinity. (2017). Chemistry of nail polish – polymers, plasticizers and pigments